A VPN creates an encrypted tunnel that routes a device’s internet traffic through a remote server, hiding the device’s public IP and protecting data in transit. VPNs use tunneling protocols and encryption to secure communications.
Core technologies
- Tunneling protocols: OpenVPN, WireGuard, IPSec.
- Encryption: TLS/DTLS or modern ciphers for confidentiality.
- Authentication: certificates, pre-shared keys, or multi-factor methods.
VPN server infrastructure and client software.
Use cases
Secure remote access to corporate resources.
Protecting traffic on public WiFi.
Bypassing geo-restrictions for testing.
Ensuring privacy from ISP-level monitoring.
Limitations and cautions
VPNs don’t protect against malware on devices.
Performance impact from encryption and routing.
Trust the VPN provider’s logging and privacy policy.
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