The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to networks of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that exchange data and enable automation. IoT powers smart factories, connected homes, and data-driven services.
Core components
- Devices and sensors: collect environmental or usage data.
- Connectivity: use WiFi, cellular, LPWAN, or Bluetooth to send data.
- Cloud/platform: store, process, and analyze telemetry.
- Applications: dashboards, alerts, and automation workflows for users.
Common use cases
Industrial monitoring and predictive maintenance.
- Smart buildings: energy management and access control.
Asset tracking and logistics.
- Consumer devices: wearables and connected appliances.
Design considerations
- Security: device identity, firmware updates, and encrypted transport.
- Scalability: device onboarding, data ingestion, and storage.
- Edge processing: use edge compute to reduce latency and bandwidth.
- Data governance: comply with privacy and data retention requirements.
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